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Abstract

Protium javanicum Burm.f. (tenggulun) leaves have potential as a source of natural antibacterial agents due to their diverse secondary metabolites. This study aimed to screen the phytochemical constituents and evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate, tert-butanol, and aqueous fractions of P. javanicum leaves against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The leaves were extracted using methanol and subsequently fractionated sequentially with ethyl acetate, tert-butanol, and aquadest. Phytochemical screening was performed to identify secondary metabolites, while antibacterial activity was evaluated using microdilution and disk diffusion methods. The ethyl acetate fraction contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and saponins; the tert-butanol fraction contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins; whereas the aqueous fraction contained tannins and saponins. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the better relative activity against E. coli and S. aureus, with IC₅₀ values of 356.35 and 404.78 µg/mL, respectively. All fractions exhibited very weak antibacterial activity (IC₅₀ ≥200 µg/mL). In the disk diffusion assay, only the ethyl acetate fraction inhibited E. coli, producing a 1.66 mm inhibition zone at 1000 µg/mL, while no inhibition was observed against S. aureus. These findings indicate that the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited relatively better antibacterial activity and warrants further investigation through isolation and identification of its active compounds.

Keywords

Tenggulun leaves Protium javanicum Fractionation antibacterial IC50 Inhibition zone

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Author Biographies

Baiq Risma Fatmayanti, Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Hamzanwadi, Selong, Lombok Timur, Indonesia

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Hamzanwadi, Selong, Lombok Timur, Indonesia

Windarsi S Zulfa, Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Hamzanwadi, Selong, Lombok Timur, Indonesia

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Hamzanwadi, Selong, Lombok Timur, Indonesia

Baiq Maylinda Gemantari, Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Hamzanwadi, Selong, Lombok Timur, Indonesia

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Hamzanwadi, Selong, Lombok Timur, Indonesia
How to Cite
Fatmayanti, B. R., Zulfa, W. S., & Gemantari, B. M. (2026). Skrining Fitokimia dan Evaluasi Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi Daun Tenggulun (Protium javanicum Burm. fil.) terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus . Borneo Journal of Pharmascientech, 10(2), 319-335. https://doi.org/10.59053/bjp.v10i2.806
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