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Karakterisasi Fitokimia dan Uji Daya Hambat Senyawa Daun Kelakai (stenochlaena palustris) Khas Kalimatan Terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes Secara In Vitro

https://doi.org/10.59053/bjp.v9i1.576

Nafisah Sofia Apriliyana

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

Nily Su'aida

naily.suaida@gmail.com (Primary Contact)

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

Aris Fadillah

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

Muhammad Abdi

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

Nurizka Azkya

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

Nadiati Nadiati

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

Siti Halimah

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

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Abstract

Several acne therapy modalities have been widely used to eradicate Propionibacterium acnes, the causative pathogen of acne. However, it cannot treat acne optimally and has adverse effects. Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris) possesses antibacterial activity. Based on the antibacterial activity of S. palustris, its leaf can be utilized as an alternative acne therapeutic substance. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the ethanol extract of S. palustris leaf on P. acnes. The extraction of S. palustris was performed using maceration with 96% ethanol. The antibiotic activity test was divided into five groups: a positive control group (Clindamycin), a negative control group (Propionibacterium acnesATCC®6919), and three test groups with concentration gradients. Phytochemical analysis was positive for the identification of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, steroids and flavonoids. The inhibitory diameter of P. acnes at 75% extraction concentration was closest to that of the positive control group and has inhibition zone of diameter 13,99 + 0,77 (strong inhibition) indicating its effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of P. acnes. Based on the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of S. palustris leaf, the leaf extract has the potential to be used as a medicinal substance in acne therapy.

Keywords

Acne Kelakai Propionibacterium acnes Stenochlaena palustris

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Author Biographies

Nafisah Sofia Apriliyana, Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

Nily Su'aida, Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

Aris Fadillah, Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

Muhammad Abdi, Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

Nurizka Azkya, Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

Nadiati Nadiati, Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

Siti Halimah, Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari

How to Cite

Apriliyana, N. S., Su’aida, N., Fadillah, A., Abdi, M., Azkya, N., Nadiati, N., & Halimah, S. (2025). Karakterisasi Fitokimia dan Uji Daya Hambat Senyawa Daun Kelakai (stenochlaena palustris) Khas Kalimatan Terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes Secara In Vitro. Borneo Journal of Pharmascientech, 9(1), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.59053/bjp.v9i1.576

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References

Afifi, R., Erlin, E., & Rachmawati, J. 2018. Uji Anti Bakteri Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L) Terhadap Zona Hambat Bakteri Jerawat Propionibacterium acnes Secara In Vitro. Quagga : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Biologi, 10(01), 10. https://doi.org/10.25134/quagga.v10i01.803
Akinseye, O. R., Morayo, A. E., & Olawumi, A. S. 2017. Qualitative and Quantitave Evaluation of the Phytochemicals in Dry , Wet and Oil Extracts of the Leaf of Morinda lucida. Journal of Biology, Agriculture, and Healthcare, 7(7), 22–25.
Arifin, B., & Ibrahim, S. 2018. Struktur, Bioaktivitas Dan Antioksidan Flavonoid. Jurnal Zarah, 6(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.31629/zarah.v6i1.313
Arullappan, S., Sawai, S., Chee, L. A., Mahandan, M., & Shanmugavelan, R. 2017. Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effect and Antioxidant Activity of Fractions Isolated from Stenochlaena palustri (Burm.f.) Bedd. Leaves Sangeetha. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51(4), S735–S740. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.51.4s.106
Aydemir, E. H. 2014. Acne vulgaris. Turk Pediatri Arsivi, 49(1), 13–16. https://doi.org/10.5152/tpa.2014.1943
Cogen, A. L., Nizet, V., & Gallo, R. L. 2008. Skin microbiota: A source of disease or defence? British Journal of Dermatology, 158(3), 442–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08437.x
Davis, W. W., & Stout, T. R. 1971. Disc Plate Method of Microbiological Antibiotic Assay. Applied microbiology, 22(4), 666–670. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.22.4.666-670.1971
Debnath, S. L., Kundu, P., Golder, M., Biswas, B., & Sadhu, S. K. 2020. Phytochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Pharmacological Activities of Leaves of a Mangrove Plant Species - Aegiceras corniculatum (L.). Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 4(9), 516–522. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v4i9.4
Dib, K., Ennibi, O., Alaoui, K., Cherrah, Y., & Filali-Maltouf, A. 2021. Antibacterial activity of plant extracts against periodontal pathogens: A systematic review. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 29, 100493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100493
Faraone, I., Rai, D. K., Chiummiento, L., Fernandez, E., Choudhary, A., Prinzo, F., & Milella, L. 2018. Antioxidant activity and phytochemical characterization of senecio clivicolus wedd. Molecules, 23(10), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102497
Fatmawati, Fauzana, N. A., Aisiah, S., Rini, R. K., Olga, Tanod, W. A., & Riyadi, P. H. 2022. Chemicals Profile of Kelakai Leaves Extracts (Stenochlaena palustris) with Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity against Aeromonas hydrophila. Sains Malaysiana, 51(8), 2531–2546. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5108-14
Ginting, P., Leny, Hafiz, I., & Hasibuan, R. 2021. Formulation of Anti Acne Sheet Mask from Bandotan Leaf Extract (Ageratum conyzoides L.) against Propionibacterium acnes. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 11(6-S), 123–127. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i6-s.5240
Hendra, R., Khodijah, R., Almurdani, M., Haryani, Y., Nugraha, A. S., Frimayanti, N., Teruna, H. Y., & Abdulah, R. 2022. Free Radical Scavenging, Anti-Infectious, and Toxicity Activities from Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd. Extracts. Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5729217
Kosasih, S., Ginting, N., Chiuman, L., Nyoman, I., & Lister, E. 2019. The Effectiveness of Peperomia Pellucida Extract Against Acne Bacteria. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS), 59(1), 149–153. http://asrjetsjournal.org/
Mohiuddin, A. K. 2019. A Comprehensive Review of Acne Vulgaris. Inno Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 1(1), 1–17. www.innovationinfo.org
Nasution, H. M., Yuniarti, R., Rani, Z., & Nursyafira, A. 2022. Phytochemical Screening And Antibacterial Activity Test Of Ethanol Extract Of Jengkol Leaves (Archidendron Pauciflorum Benth.) I.C. Nielsen Against Staphylococcus Epidermidis And Propionibacterium Acnes. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 3(3), 647–653.
Nazrun, Hidayatiandri, N., Susanti, & Mahardika, R. G. 2021. Potensi Stenochlaena palustris Burm. Sebagai Agen Antiinflamasi Berdasarkan Metode Ekstraksi PEF (Pulsed Electric Field): Sebuah Kajian Naratif. Jurnal Sains dan Edukasi Sains, 4(2), 66–74. https://doi.org/10.24246/juses.v4i2p66-74
Ndanusa, A. H., Cicuzza, D., & Siddique, M. M. 2020. Analysis of the phytochemical contents and anti-oxidative properties of Stenochlaena palustris. International Food Research Journal, 27(5), 798–804.
Nurhasnawati, H., Sundu, R., Sapri, Supriningrum, R., Kuspradini, H., & Arung, E. T. (2019). Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of several indigenous species of ferns in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 20(2), 576–580. https://doi.org/10.13057/BIODIV/D200238
Ogodo, A. C., Narayana, M. S. S. V., Vardhan, P. S., Gupta, R. K., Gautam, A. K., Egbuna, C., Kushwaha, P. P., Singh, A. K., & Kumar, S. 2021. Principles of applied microbiology and biotechnology: Technique for the screening of antimicrobial herbs. Preparation of Phytopharmaceuticals for the Management of Disorders: The Development of Nutraceuticals and Traditional Medicine, November, 185–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820284-5.00001-0
Picardo, M., Ottaviani, M., Camera, E., & Maastrofrancesco, A. 2009. Sebaceous gland lipids. Dermato-Endocrinology, 11(2), 68–71. https://doi.org/10.4161/derm.1.2.8472
Pirvu, L., Hlevca, C., Nicu, I., & Bubueanu, C. 2014. Comparative Studies on Analytical, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of a Series of Vegetal Extracts Prepared from Eight Plant Species Growing in Romania. Journal of Planar Chromatography - Modern TLC, 27(5), 346–356. https://doi.org/10.1556/JPC.27.2014.5.4
Rostinawati, T., Suryana, S., Fajrin, M., & Nugrahani, H. 2017. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm. F) Terhadap Salmonella thypi dan Staphylococcus aureus dengan Metode Difusi Agar CLSI M02-A11. Pharmauho, 3(1), 1–5. http://ojs.uho.ac.id/index.php/pharmauho/article/view/3444
Scharschmidt, T. C. 2019. Antibiotics for Acne - A Pilot Study of Collateral Damage to the Skin Microbiome. JAMA Dermatology, 155(4), 419–421. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.5146
Shamsudin, N. F., Ahmed, Q. U., Mahmood, S., Shah, S. A. A., Khatib, A., Mukhtar, S., Alsharif, M. A., Parveen, H., & Zakaria, Z. A. 2022. Antibacterial Effects of Flavonoids and Their Structure-Activity Relationship Study: A Comparative Interpretation. Molecules, 27(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041149
Sulasmi, E. S., Nugraha, L. A., Sari, M. S., & Suhadi. 2018. Skrining Fitokimia Dan Analisis Kromotografi Lapis Tipis Dari Senyawa Aktif Kalakai (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.F) Beddome) Di Taman Nasional Baluran. Prosiding Seminar Nasional VI Hayati 2018, VI(September), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.29407/hayati.v6i1.654
Suryadini, H. 2019. Uji Parameter Standard dan Penapisan Fitikomia Pada Daun Steril Kalakai (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd.) Menggunakan Ekstraksi Bertingkat. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Farmasyifa, 2(1), 40–51. https://doi.org/10.29313/jiff.v2i1.3968
Vollaro, A., Esposito, A., Antonaki, E., Lula, V. D., D’alonzo, D., Guaragna, A., & Gregorio, E. De. 2020. Steroid derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents against staphylococcus aureus planktonic cells. Microorganisms, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040468
Yuan, G., Guan, Y., Yi, H., Lai, S., Sun, Y., & Cao, S. 2021. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of plant flavonoids to gram-positive bacteria predicted from their lipophilicities. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90035-7

References

Afifi, R., Erlin, E., & Rachmawati, J. 2018. Uji Anti Bakteri Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L) Terhadap Zona Hambat Bakteri Jerawat Propionibacterium acnes Secara In Vitro. Quagga : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Biologi, 10(01), 10. https://doi.org/10.25134/quagga.v10i01.803

Akinseye, O. R., Morayo, A. E., & Olawumi, A. S. 2017. Qualitative and Quantitave Evaluation of the Phytochemicals in Dry , Wet and Oil Extracts of the Leaf of Morinda lucida. Journal of Biology, Agriculture, and Healthcare, 7(7), 22–25.

Arifin, B., & Ibrahim, S. 2018. Struktur, Bioaktivitas Dan Antioksidan Flavonoid. Jurnal Zarah, 6(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.31629/zarah.v6i1.313

Arullappan, S., Sawai, S., Chee, L. A., Mahandan, M., & Shanmugavelan, R. 2017. Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effect and Antioxidant Activity of Fractions Isolated from Stenochlaena palustri (Burm.f.) Bedd. Leaves Sangeetha. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51(4), S735–S740. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.51.4s.106

Aydemir, E. H. 2014. Acne vulgaris. Turk Pediatri Arsivi, 49(1), 13–16. https://doi.org/10.5152/tpa.2014.1943

Cogen, A. L., Nizet, V., & Gallo, R. L. 2008. Skin microbiota: A source of disease or defence? British Journal of Dermatology, 158(3), 442–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08437.x

Davis, W. W., & Stout, T. R. 1971. Disc Plate Method of Microbiological Antibiotic Assay. Applied microbiology, 22(4), 666–670. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.22.4.666-670.1971

Debnath, S. L., Kundu, P., Golder, M., Biswas, B., & Sadhu, S. K. 2020. Phytochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Pharmacological Activities of Leaves of a Mangrove Plant Species - Aegiceras corniculatum (L.). Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 4(9), 516–522. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v4i9.4

Dib, K., Ennibi, O., Alaoui, K., Cherrah, Y., & Filali-Maltouf, A. 2021. Antibacterial activity of plant extracts against periodontal pathogens: A systematic review. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 29, 100493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100493

Faraone, I., Rai, D. K., Chiummiento, L., Fernandez, E., Choudhary, A., Prinzo, F., & Milella, L. 2018. Antioxidant activity and phytochemical characterization of senecio clivicolus wedd. Molecules, 23(10), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102497

Fatmawati, Fauzana, N. A., Aisiah, S., Rini, R. K., Olga, Tanod, W. A., & Riyadi, P. H. 2022. Chemicals Profile of Kelakai Leaves Extracts (Stenochlaena palustris) with Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity against Aeromonas hydrophila. Sains Malaysiana, 51(8), 2531–2546. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5108-14

Ginting, P., Leny, Hafiz, I., & Hasibuan, R. 2021. Formulation of Anti Acne Sheet Mask from Bandotan Leaf Extract (Ageratum conyzoides L.) against Propionibacterium acnes. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 11(6-S), 123–127. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i6-s.5240

Hendra, R., Khodijah, R., Almurdani, M., Haryani, Y., Nugraha, A. S., Frimayanti, N., Teruna, H. Y., & Abdulah, R. 2022. Free Radical Scavenging, Anti-Infectious, and Toxicity Activities from Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd. Extracts. Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5729217

Kosasih, S., Ginting, N., Chiuman, L., Nyoman, I., & Lister, E. 2019. The Effectiveness of Peperomia Pellucida Extract Against Acne Bacteria. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS), 59(1), 149–153. http://asrjetsjournal.org/

Mohiuddin, A. K. 2019. A Comprehensive Review of Acne Vulgaris. Inno Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 1(1), 1–17. www.innovationinfo.org

Nasution, H. M., Yuniarti, R., Rani, Z., & Nursyafira, A. 2022. Phytochemical Screening And Antibacterial Activity Test Of Ethanol Extract Of Jengkol Leaves (Archidendron Pauciflorum Benth.) I.C. Nielsen Against Staphylococcus Epidermidis And Propionibacterium Acnes. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 3(3), 647–653.

Nazrun, Hidayatiandri, N., Susanti, & Mahardika, R. G. 2021. Potensi Stenochlaena palustris Burm. Sebagai Agen Antiinflamasi Berdasarkan Metode Ekstraksi PEF (Pulsed Electric Field): Sebuah Kajian Naratif. Jurnal Sains dan Edukasi Sains, 4(2), 66–74. https://doi.org/10.24246/juses.v4i2p66-74

Ndanusa, A. H., Cicuzza, D., & Siddique, M. M. 2020. Analysis of the phytochemical contents and anti-oxidative properties of Stenochlaena palustris. International Food Research Journal, 27(5), 798–804.

Nurhasnawati, H., Sundu, R., Sapri, Supriningrum, R., Kuspradini, H., & Arung, E. T. (2019). Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of several indigenous species of ferns in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 20(2), 576–580. https://doi.org/10.13057/BIODIV/D200238

Ogodo, A. C., Narayana, M. S. S. V., Vardhan, P. S., Gupta, R. K., Gautam, A. K., Egbuna, C., Kushwaha, P. P., Singh, A. K., & Kumar, S. 2021. Principles of applied microbiology and biotechnology: Technique for the screening of antimicrobial herbs. Preparation of Phytopharmaceuticals for the Management of Disorders: The Development of Nutraceuticals and Traditional Medicine, November, 185–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820284-5.00001-0

Picardo, M., Ottaviani, M., Camera, E., & Maastrofrancesco, A. 2009. Sebaceous gland lipids. Dermato-Endocrinology, 11(2), 68–71. https://doi.org/10.4161/derm.1.2.8472

Pirvu, L., Hlevca, C., Nicu, I., & Bubueanu, C. 2014. Comparative Studies on Analytical, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of a Series of Vegetal Extracts Prepared from Eight Plant Species Growing in Romania. Journal of Planar Chromatography - Modern TLC, 27(5), 346–356. https://doi.org/10.1556/JPC.27.2014.5.4

Rostinawati, T., Suryana, S., Fajrin, M., & Nugrahani, H. 2017. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm. F) Terhadap Salmonella thypi dan Staphylococcus aureus dengan Metode Difusi Agar CLSI M02-A11. Pharmauho, 3(1), 1–5. http://ojs.uho.ac.id/index.php/pharmauho/article/view/3444

Scharschmidt, T. C. 2019. Antibiotics for Acne - A Pilot Study of Collateral Damage to the Skin Microbiome. JAMA Dermatology, 155(4), 419–421. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.5146

Shamsudin, N. F., Ahmed, Q. U., Mahmood, S., Shah, S. A. A., Khatib, A., Mukhtar, S., Alsharif, M. A., Parveen, H., & Zakaria, Z. A. 2022. Antibacterial Effects of Flavonoids and Their Structure-Activity Relationship Study: A Comparative Interpretation. Molecules, 27(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041149

Sulasmi, E. S., Nugraha, L. A., Sari, M. S., & Suhadi. 2018. Skrining Fitokimia Dan Analisis Kromotografi Lapis Tipis Dari Senyawa Aktif Kalakai (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.F) Beddome) Di Taman Nasional Baluran. Prosiding Seminar Nasional VI Hayati 2018, VI(September), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.29407/hayati.v6i1.654

Suryadini, H. 2019. Uji Parameter Standard dan Penapisan Fitikomia Pada Daun Steril Kalakai (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd.) Menggunakan Ekstraksi Bertingkat. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Farmasyifa, 2(1), 40–51. https://doi.org/10.29313/jiff.v2i1.3968

Vollaro, A., Esposito, A., Antonaki, E., Lula, V. D., D’alonzo, D., Guaragna, A., & Gregorio, E. De. 2020. Steroid derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents against staphylococcus aureus planktonic cells. Microorganisms, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040468

Yuan, G., Guan, Y., Yi, H., Lai, S., Sun, Y., & Cao, S. 2021. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of plant flavonoids to gram-positive bacteria predicted from their lipophilicities. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90035-7