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Abstract

The main therapy for the treatment of pneumonia is antibiotics. The use of antibiotics requires special attention to prevent antibiotic resistance. Therefore, it is important to know the pathogenic microorganisms that cause hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) infections. This study aimed to describe the sensitivity of negative-positive bacteria to empiric antibiotics in HAP patients. The study method was an analytical descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from patient medical records for the period January 2019 – December 2020. Inclusion criteria were ICU patients diagnosed with HAP, aged 15 years, with complete medical records (age, sputum culture, leukocytes, chest x-ray results), treatment history and outcome parameters (vital signs). Exclusion criteria were pregnant patients, involuntary discharge, and ICU stay of less than 48 hours. The data in this study were analyzed descriptively and Likelihood Ratio. The results of the description showed that the empiric antibiotics with sensitivity more than 70% against gram-positive bacteria causing HAP were rifampin (78%), TMP-sulfamethoxazole (78%), vancomycin (100%), and linezolid (100%) while the empiric antibiotics with sensitivity more than 70% against gram-negative bacteria was cefoperazone-sulbactam (≥75%), followed amikacin and imipenem (≥55%). Meanwhile, the empiric antibiotics had a very low sensitivity (≤ 50%) against ESLB-producing bacteria and MRSA. There is a significant relationship between age and educational level factors and bacterial growth in sputum cultures (p<0.05). Conclusion: Vancomycin and linezolid are sensitive to gram-positive bacteria, cefoperazone-sulbactam is sensitive to gram-negative bacteria and resistance to ESLB-producing bacteria and MRSA has occurred.

Keywords

Antibiotics; Bacterial Sensitivity HAP Intensive Care Unit

Article Details

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Author Biographies

FITRI APRILIANY, Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Bumigora, Mataram, Indonesia

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Bumigora, Mataram, Indonesia

Recta Olivia Umboro, Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Qamarul Huda Badaruddin Bagu, Lombok Tengah, Indonesia.

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Qamarul Huda Badaruddin Bagu, Lombok Tengah, Indonesia.

Vera Fitriya Ersalena, Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Bumigora, Mataram, Indonesia

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Bumigora, Mataram, Indonesia

Deni Setiawan, Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia

Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia

Elis Cholisah, Program Studi Master of Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya Selangor, Malaysia

Program Studi Master of Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya Selangor, Malaysia
How to Cite
APRILIANY, F., Umboro, R. O., Ersalena, V. F., Setiawan, D., & Cholisah, E. (2025). Sensitivity of Bacteria causing Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to Empiric Antibiotics . Borneo Journal of Pharmascientech, 9(1), 119-132. https://doi.org/10.59053/bjp.v9i1.565
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